PEPTIDE FIRMING FORMULATION

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7: synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids (glycine-glutamine-proline-arginine) and palmitic acid. The addition of the fatty acid palmitic acid enhances the stability and permeability of the ingredient to the skin. Skin repair ingredient with anti-inflammatory properties: protects extracellular matrix components from degradation by reducing the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by keratinocytes and fibroblasts, key cells in the skin. Interleukin-6 is a mediator of inflammation that causes faster degradation of extracellular matrix components, promotes wrinkle formation and reduces skin firmness and elasticity. Acute inflammatory response can lead to glycation damage, or the process by which glucose links with proteins and causes them to bind together, stiffening tissues. This negatively affects the skin's support system, composed of collagen, elastin, and other proteins, and leads to wrinkles, loss of tone and elasticity, and uneven skin tone.

Oenothera Biennis (Organic Evening Primrose) Oil: derived from the seeds of the evening primrose plant through mechanical cold pressing. Composed of essential fatty acids of the omega-6 series which include linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid. Other components include triterpenes, phenolic acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. EPO deeply moisturizes and nourishes the skin, improving hydration and elasticity. Its anti-inflammatory properties soothe conditions like sensitive skin, eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis. EPO antioxidant content helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the skin due to its cellular regenerative properties.

Glycolic Acid: has the smallest molecular weight amongst all the alpha alpha-hydroxy acids and penetrates into the skin easily. • Dermal remodeling of the ECM: GA enhances collagen production by fibroblasts • Increases density of collagen and improves quality of elastic fibers • Ability to increase dermal and epidermal hyaluronic acid (glycosaminoglycans) • Increases epidermis thickness

Hexapeptide-9 (Gly‐Pro‐Gln‐Gly‐Pro‐Gln), also known as Collagen Peptide III, is a synthetic six-amino-acid signaling peptide that mirrors a fragment found in human collagen IV and XVII — key structural proteins of the skin's basement membrane. By mimicking the body's own collagen, it binds directly to collagen receptors on fibroblasts, the dermal cells responsible for producing collagen and elastin, triggering a cascade of regenerative activity. Collagen & ECM Stimulation — Signals fibroblasts to upregulate collagen synthesis and production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins — including elastin and glycosaminoglycans, which attract and retain moisture — resulting in measurably firmer, denser, and more resilient skin. Anti-Inflammatory & Antioxidant Protection — Attenuates inflammatory pathways and neutralizes oxidative stress, reducing collagen degradation and preserving skin barrier integrity. Tissue Repair & Growth Factor Activation — Promotes skin repair and regeneration by activating key growth factors involved in wound healing, including TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta), a potent protein that drives ECM tissue repair. Barrier Reinforcement — Promotes the production of extracellular lipids — including ceramides and filaggrin (a filament-aggregating protein) — that strengthen the adhesiveness of barrier proteins. A reinforced barrier protects against microbial invasion (bacteria, fungi, viruses), allergens, and environmental pollutants, while significantly reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL) to keep skin soft and hydrated.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 (Syn®-Coll) mimics the thrombospondin I (TSP-I) tripeptide sequence and can stimulate matrix protein production by upregulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). It effectively supports collagen synthesis and improves skin elasticity.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1: signal peptide with the amino sequence of glycine-histidine-lysine, or GHK. GHK is attached to palmitic acid (a fatty acid) to increase oil solubility and skin penetration. Supports ECM synthesis, provides wound recovery, wrinkle reduction, skin firming, skin roughness and texture improvement. Stimulates collagen synthesis by activating the transforming growth factor TGF-ß. TGF-β stimulates dermal collagen remodeling, increases collagen production, and increases hyaluronic acid (HA). HA is ubiquitous in body tissues and is best known for its capability of attracting water molecules. The highly polar structure of HA makes it capable of binding 10,000 times its own weight in water. HA is used exogenously for the promotion of tissue regeneration and skin repair.